In this study, we propose a novel fractional delayed predator-prey model that includes an omnivorous species and explore bifurcation control through a state feedback control strategy. We begin by deriving the characteristic polynomial using the Laplace transform and establish new sufficient conditions for stability analysis and Hopf bifurcation, treating the time delay $ \tau$ as a bifurcation parameter. To address the Hopf bifurcation in the uncontrolled system, we design a state feedback controller with a time delay. Our results indicate that the time delay $ \tau$ significantly affects the onset of the Hopf bifurcation. Additionally, the inclusion of a fractional order $ 0<\alpha \leq 1 $ enhances solution stability while adding complexity to the dynamics of the model. We find that judicious selection of the feedback gain can delay bifurcation, highlighting the critical role of control effort. To validate our theoretical findings, we present numerical simulations conducted using a modified Adams-Bashforth-Moulton predictor-corrector method. These simulations support our theoretical results and demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed control strategy in managing the dynamical behaviors of the model.
[1] R. V. Alexander and W. Jianhong, A non-local pde model for population dynamics with state-selective delay: local theory and global attractors, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 190(1–2) (2006), 99–113.
[2] S. Bhalekar, Stability and bifurcation analysis of a generalized scalar delay differential equation, Chaos, 26(8) (2016), 1–6.
[3] S. Bhalekar and V. Daftardar-Gejji, Fractional ordered Liu system with time-delay, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul., 15 (2010), 2178–2191.
[4] S. Bhalekar and D. Varsha,A predictor-corrector scheme for solving nonlinear delay differential equations of fractional order, J. Fract. Calc. Appl., 1(5) (2011), 1–9.
[5] E. Bonyah, A. Atangana, and A. A. Elsadany, A fractional model for predator-prey with omnivore, Chaos, 29.1 (2019), 013136.
[6] J. Chen, Y. Shen, X. Li, S. Yang, and S. Wen, Bifurcation and stability analysis of commensurate fractional-order van der Pol oscillator with time-delayed feedback, Indian J. Phys., 94 (2019), 1615–1624.
[7] H. Cheng Dai and C. Jinde, Comparative study on bifurcation control methods in a fractional-order delayed predator-prey system, Sci. China. Tech. Sci., 62 (2019), 298–307.
[8] R. Chinnathambi and F. A. Rihan, Stability of fractional-order prey–predator system with time-delay and Monod–Haldane functional response, Nonlinear Dyn., 92 (2018), 1637–1648.
[9] R. Chinnathambi, F. A. Rihan, and H. J. Alsakaji, A fractional-order predator–prey model with Beddington–DeAngelis functional response and time-delay, J. Anal., 27 (2019), 525–538.
[10] C. Huang, J. Cao, M. Xiao, A. Alsaedi, and F. E. Alsaadi, Controlling bifurcation in a delayed fractional predator–prey system with incommensurate orders, Appl. Math. Comput.,293 (2017), 293–310.
[11] C. Huang, H. Li, T. Li, and S. Chen, Stability and Bifurcation Control in a Fractional Predator–Prey Model via Extended Delay Feedback, Int. J. Bifurcat. Chaos, 29(11) (2019), 1950150.
[12] T. Huang and Z. Liu, Dynamics of a fractional-order predator-prey model with omnivores, Eco. Model., 476 (2023), 110–121.
[13] C. Huang, Y. Qiao, L. Huang, and R. P. Agarwal, Dynamical behaviors of a food-chain model with stage structure and time delays, Adv. Differ. Equ., 186 (2018), 1–26.
[14] C. Huang, X. Song, B. Fang, M. Xiao, and J. Cao, Modeling, analysis and bifurcation control of a delayed fractional-order predator–prey model, Int. J. Bifurcat. Chaos, 28(9) (2018), 1850117.
[15] M. Jafari Khanghahi and R. Khoshsiar Ghaziani, Bifurcation analysis of a modified May–Holling–Tanner predator–prey model with Allee effect, Bull. Iranian Math. Soc., 48.6 (2022), 3405–3437.
[16] A. Jhinga and V. Daftardar-Gejji,A new numerical method for solving fractional delay differential equations, Comput. Appl. Math., 166(8) (2019), 1–18.
[17] Z. Jiang and L. Wang, Global Hopf bifurcation for a predator–prey system with three delays, Int. J. Bifurcat. Chaos, 27(7) (2017), 1750108.
[18] M. A. Khan and S. Ali, Dynamics of a fractional-order predator-prey model, Math. Methods Appl. Sci., 44(8) (2021), 6340–6355.
[19] S. Li, C. Huang, S. Guo, and X. Song, Fractional modeling and control in a delayed predator-prey system: extended feedback scheme, Adv. Differ. Equ., 358 (2020), 1–18.
[20] Y. Li and V. G. Romanovski,Hopf Bifurcations in a predator–prey model with an omnivore, Qual. Theory Dyn. Sys., 18(3) (2019), 1201–1224.
[21] T. Li, Y. Wang, and X. Zhou,Bifurcation analysis of a first time-delay chaotic system, Adv. Differ. Equ., 78 (2019), 1–18.
[22] Z. Li, W. Zhang, C. Huang, and J. Zhaou, Bifurcation for a fractional-order Lotka-Volterra predator–prey model with delay feedback control, AIMS Mathematics, 6(1) (2020), 675–687.
[23] J. Liu, Bifurcation analysis of a delayed predator-prey system with stage structure and Holling-II functional response, Adv. Differ. Equ., 208 (2015), 1–26.
[24] L. Liu, P. Lv, B. Liu, and T. Zhang,Dynamics of a predator-prey model with fear effect and time delay, Complexity, 1 (2021), 9184193.
[25] C. Liu, Z. Wang, and B. Meng, Dynamical analysis of fractional-order Holling type-II food chain model, Math. Biosci. Eng., 18(5) (2021), 5221–5235.
[26] A. J. Lotka, Elements of Physical Biology. Baltimore, MD, USA: Williams and Wilkins, 1925.
[27] T. Ma, X. Meng, and Z. Chang, Dynamics and optimal harvesting control for a stochastic one-predator-two-prey time delay system with jumps, Complexity, 1 (2019), 5342031.
[28] T. G. Moln´ar, T. Insperger, and G. St´ep´an, Analytical estimations of limit cycle amplitude for delay-differential equations, Electron. J. Qual. Theo., 77 (2016), 1–10.
[29] R. K. Naji and S. J. Majeed, The dynamical analysis of a delayed prey-predator model with a refuge-stage structure prey population, Iran. J. Math. Sci. Info., 15(1) (2020), 135–159.
[30] T. Namba, K. Tanabe, and N. Maeda, Omnivory and stability of food webs, Appl. Math. Comput.,5 (2008), 73–85.
[31] R. J. Nirmala, K. Balachandran, L. Rodriguez-Germa, and J. J. Trujillo, Controllability of nonlinear fractional delay dynamical systems, Rep. Math. Phys., 77(1) (2016), 87–104.
[32] P. Panja, Stability and dynamics of a fractional-order three-species predator–prey model, Theor. Biosci., 138 (2019), 251–259.
[33] J. P., Previte and K. A. Hoffman, Period doubling cascades in a predator-prey model with a scavenger, SIAM Rev., 55 (2013), 523–546.
[34] F. A. Rihan, Q. M. Al-Mdallal, H. J. AlSakaji, and A. Hashish, A fractional-order epidemic model with time-delay and nonlinear incidence rate, Chaos Solitons Fractals, 126 (2019), 97–105.
[35] F. Rihan and C. Rajivganthi, Dynamics of fractional-order delay differential model of prey-predator system with Holling-type III and infection among predators, Chaos Solitons Fractals, 141 (2020), 110365.
[36] N. H. Sweilam, M. M. Khader, and A. M. S. Mahdy, Numerical studies for fractional-order logistic differential equation with two different delays, J. Appl. Math., 1 (2012), 764894.
[37] K. Tanabe and T. Namba, Omnivory creates chaos in simple food web models, Ecol. Appl., 5 (2005), 3411–3414.
[38] H. T. Tuan and H. Trinh, A qualitative theory of time delay nonlinear fractional-order systems, Siam J. Control Optima., 58(3) (2020), 1491–1518.
[39] V. Volterra, Variazioni e uttuazioni del numero dindividui in specie animali conviventi, Memoria della Regia Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 2 (1926), 31–113.
[40] Z. Wang and X. Wang, Stability and hopf bifurcation analysis of a fractional-order epidemic model with time delay, Math. Probl. Eng., 1 (2018), 2308245.
[41] X. Wang, Z. Wang, and J. Xia, Stability and bifurcation control of a delayed fractional-order eco-epidemiological model with incommensurate orders, J. Franklin Inst., 356 (2019), 8278–8295.
[42] R. Yafia, M. A. Aziz-Alaoui, H. Merdan, and J. J. Tewa, Bifurcation and stability in a delayed predator–prey model with mixed functional responses, Int. J. Bifurcat. Chaos, 25(7) (2017), 1540014.
[43] J. Yuan, L. Zhau, M. Xiao, and C. Huang, Fractional dynamics based-enhancing control scheme of a delayed predator-prey model, IEEE Access, 9 (2021), 59715–59724.
[44] Y. Zhang and X. Wang, Stability analysis of a delayed predator-prey model with fractional derivatives, Chaos Solitons Fractals, 158 (2022), 112–123.
[45] Y. Zhao and J. Li, Control strategies for stabilizing a delayed fractional-order predator-prey system, App. Math. Model., 112 (2023), 231–245.
Surosh, A. H. , Khoshsiar Ghaziani, R. and Alidoosti, J. (2025). Dynamics and bifurcation control of a fractional-order delayed predator-prey model with an omnivore. Computational Methods for Differential Equations, 13(4), 1260-1278. doi: 10.22034/cmde.2024.61871.2696
MLA
Surosh, A. H. , , Khoshsiar Ghaziani, R. , and Alidoosti, J. . "Dynamics and bifurcation control of a fractional-order delayed predator-prey model with an omnivore", Computational Methods for Differential Equations, 13, 4, 2025, 1260-1278. doi: 10.22034/cmde.2024.61871.2696
HARVARD
Surosh, A. H., Khoshsiar Ghaziani, R., Alidoosti, J. (2025). 'Dynamics and bifurcation control of a fractional-order delayed predator-prey model with an omnivore', Computational Methods for Differential Equations, 13(4), pp. 1260-1278. doi: 10.22034/cmde.2024.61871.2696
CHICAGO
A. H. Surosh , R. Khoshsiar Ghaziani and J. Alidoosti, "Dynamics and bifurcation control of a fractional-order delayed predator-prey model with an omnivore," Computational Methods for Differential Equations, 13 4 (2025): 1260-1278, doi: 10.22034/cmde.2024.61871.2696
VANCOUVER
Surosh, A. H., Khoshsiar Ghaziani, R., Alidoosti, J. Dynamics and bifurcation control of a fractional-order delayed predator-prey model with an omnivore. Computational Methods for Differential Equations, 2025; 13(4): 1260-1278. doi: 10.22034/cmde.2024.61871.2696