Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Fractional Delay Differential Equations Using Fractional Jacobi Functions and Picard Iteration

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Mathematical Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract

‎This paper presents a novel numerical method for solving nonlinear fractional delay differential equations‎. ‎Our approach uses fractional Jacobi functions in conjunction with a straightforward Picard iteration scheme to construct numerical solutions‎. ‎Unlike some existing techniques‎, ‎the proposed method is computationally efficient and avoids complex calculations‎. ‎The use of orthogonal functions within the Picard iterations provides accurate approximations‎. ‎Also‎, ‎a convergence analysis demonstrates the method's high accuracy‎. ‎We demonstrate the method's applicability and effectiveness by solving several challenging fractional delay differential equations‎, ‎including the fractional pantograph equation and the fractional Hutchinson model‎. ‎The results confirm that our method performs better than other numerical methods‎.

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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 10 July 2026
  • Receive Date: 01 June 2025
  • Revise Date: 17 May 2026
  • Accept Date: 09 July 2026