A theoretical investigation is conducted to explore the three-dimensional Casson nanofluid flow affected by the double diffusion effects in Casson nanofluid over a stretching sheet, considering viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, an inclined magnetic field, a porous medium, a chemical reaction, and heat generation/absorption. The study addresses a research gap by incorporating the Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion model into the rotating Casson nanofluid framework, which has not been previously considered in such a three-dimensional flow. The inclusion of radiative heat and inclined magnetic field effects further enhances the novelty of the current work. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using the similarity transformations and solved numerically via the shooting method. Key transport mechanisms such as thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and thermal and mass relaxation effects are analyzed. The results indicate that a 40% increase in the Casson parameter leads to a reduction in the heat transfer rate by up to 23%. An increased rotation and magnetic field strength also contribute to the reduced velocity and thermal profiles. This research provides a deeper understanding of non-Fourier heat and mass transport in non-Newtonian fluids. The findings are applicable to cooling technologies, polymer processing, and enhanced heat transfer systems involving electrically conducting fluids.
[1] B. J. Akinbo and B. I. Olajuwon, Significance of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model and heat generation/absorption with chemical reaction in Walters’ B fluid via a porous medium in the presence of Newtonian heating, Int. J. Model. Simul., 45 (2025), 137–146.
[2] A. O. Ali, O. D. Makinde, and Y. Nkansah-Gyekye, Numerical study of unsteady MHD Couette flow and heat transfer of nanofluids in a rotating system with convective cooling, Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow, 26 (2016), 1567–1579.
[3] A. M. Alqahtani, K. Rafique, Z. Mahmood, B. R. Al-Sinan, U. Khan, and A. M. Hassan, MHD rotating flow over a stretching surface: The role of viscosity and aggregation of nanoparticles, Heliyon, 9 (2023).
[4] K. F. Al Oweidi, W. Jamshed, B. S. Goud, I. Ullah, Usman, M. Isa, M. El Din, K. Guedri, and R. A. Jaleel, Partial differential equations modeling of thermal transportation in Casson nanofluid flow with Arrhenius activation energy and irreversibility processes, Sci. Rep., 12 (2022), 20597.
[5] M. Archana, B. J. Gireesha, B. C. Prasannakumara, and R. S. R. Gorla, Influence of nonlinear thermal radiation on rotating flow of Casson nanofluid, Nonlinear Eng., 7 (2018), 91–101.
[7] A. S. Butt, A. Ali, and A. Mehmood, Study of flow and heat transfer on a stretching surface in a rotating Casson fluid, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sect. A Phys. Sci., 85 (2015), 421–426.
[8] N. Casson, Flow equation for pigment-oil suspensions of the printing ink-type, Rheology Disperse Syst., (1959), 84–104.
[9] C. Cattaneo, Sulla conduzione del calore, Atti Sem. Mat. Fis. Univ. Modena, 3 (1948), 83–101.
[10] C. I. Christov, On frame indifferent formulation of the Maxwell–Cattaneo model of finite-speed heat conduction, Mech. Res. Commun., 36 (2009), 481–486.
[11] S. Das, R. N. Jana, and O. D. Makinde, Transient hydromagnetic reactive Couette flow and heat transfer in a rotating frame of reference, Alexandria Eng. J., 55 (2016), 635–644.
[12] J. B. J. Fourier, Théorie analytique de la chaleur, vol. 1, Gauthier-Villars, 1888.
[13] M. Hofer, G. Rappitsch, K. Perktold, W. Trubel, and H. Schima, Numerical study of wall mechanics and fluid dynamics in end-to-side anastomoses and correlation to intimal hyperplasia, J. Biomech., 29 (1996), 1297–1308.
[14] T. Hayat, T. Muhammad, A. Alsaedi, and M. S. Alhuthali, Magnetohydrodynamic three-dimensional flow of viscoelastic nanofluid in the presence of nonlinear thermal radiation, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 385 (2015), 222–229.
[15] T. Islam, M. N. Alam, S. Niazai, I. Khan, M. Fayz-Al-Asad, and S. Alqahtani, Heat generation/absorption effect on natural convective heat transfer in a wavy triangular cavity filled with nanofluid, Sci. Rep., 13 (2023), 21171.
[16] W. Jamshed, M. Goodarzi, M. Prakash, K. S. Nisar, M. Zakarya, A. H. Abdel-Aty, et al., Evaluating the unsteady Casson nanofluid over a stretching sheet with solar thermal radiation: An optimal case study, Case Stud. Therm. Eng., 26 (2021), 101160.
[17] M. D. Kumar, D. Gurram, S. J. Yook, C. S. K. Raju, and N. A. Shah, Optimizing thermal performance of water-based hybrid nanofluids with magnetic and radiative effects over a spinning disc, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 2025, 105336.
[18] H. Liu, C. P. Ellington, K. Kawachi, C. V. D. Berg, and A. P. Willmott, A computational fluid dynamic study of hawkmoth hovering, J. Exp. Biol., 201 (1998), 461–477.
[19] F. Mabood, S. M. Ibrahim, and W. A. Khan, Framing the features of Brownian motion and thermophoresis on radiative nanofluid flow past a rotating stretching sheet with magnetohydrodynamics, Results Phys., 6 (2016), 1015–1023.
[20] O. D. Makinde and A. S. Eegunjobi, Entropy analysis of thermally radiating magnetohydrodynamic slip flow of Casson fluid in a microchannel filled with saturated porous media, J. Porous Media, 19 (2016).
[21] S. Nadeem, R. Mehmood, and N. S. Akbar, Oblique stagnation point flow of a Casson nanofluid towards a stretching surface with heat transfer, J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci., 11 (2014), 1422–1432.
[22] P. F. Neményi, The main concepts and ideas of fluid dynamics in their historical development, Arch. Hist. Exact Sci., 2 (1962), 52–86.
[23] B. C. Prasannakumara, B. J. Gireesha, and P. T. Manjunatha, Melting phenomenon in MHD stagnation point flow of dusty fluid over a stretching sheet in the presence of thermal radiation and non-uniform heat source/sink, Int. J. Comput. Methods Eng. Sci. Mech., 16 (2015), 265–274.
[24] M. M. Rashidi, S. Abelman, and N. F. Mehr, Entropy generation in steady MHD flow due to a rotating porous disk in a nanofluid, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 62 (2013), 515–525.
[25] A. Salmi, H. A. Madkhali, B. Ali, M. Nawaz, S. O. Alharbi, and A. S. Alqahtani, Numerical study of heat and mass transfer enhancement in Prandtl fluid MHD flow using Cattaneo–Christov heat flux theory, Case Stud. Therm. Eng., 33 (2022), 101949.
[26] M. Senapati, K. Swain, and S. K. Parida, Numerical analysis of three-dimensional MHD flow of Casson nanofluid past an exponentially stretching sheet, Karbala Int. J. Mod. Sci., 6 (2020), 13.
[27] H. Shahzad and M. Sagheer, Forchheimer model and generalized Fourier and Fick heat flux in water-based Williamson hybrid nanofluid flow over stretched surface under Lorentz force, Phys. Scr., 2024.
[28] B. M. Shankaralingappa, B. C. Prasannakumara, B. J. Gireesha, and I. E. Sarris, The impact of Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion on Oldroyd-B fluid flow over a stretching sheet with thermophoretic particle deposition and relaxation chemical reaction, Inventions, 6 (2021), 95.
[29] B. K. Sharma, U. Khanduri, N. K. Mishra, and K. S. Mekheimer, Combined effect of thermophoresis and Brownian motion on MHD mixed convective flow over an inclined stretching surface with radiation and chemical reaction, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 37 (2023), 2350095.
[30] M. Sheikholeslami and S. A. Shehzad, Thermal radiation of ferrofluid in existence of Lorentz forces considering variable viscosity, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 109 (2017), 82–92.
[31] M. Sohail, E. R. El-Zahar, A. A. A. Mousa, U. Nazir, S. Althobaiti, A. Althobaiti, N. A. Shah, and J. D. Chung, Finite element analysis for ternary hybrid nanoparticles on thermal enhancement in pseudo-plastic liquid through porous stretching sheet, Sci. Rep., 12 (2022), 9219.
[32] A. B. Vishalakshi, U. S. Mahabaleshwar, M. H. Ahmadi, and M. Sharifpur, An MHD Casson fluid flow past a porous stretching sheet with threshold non-Fourier heat flux model, Alexandria Eng. J., 69 (2023), 727–737.
[33] C. Y. Wang, Stretching a surface in a rotating fluid, Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 39 (1988), 177–185.
[34] K. Zaimi, A. Ishak, and I. Pop, Stretching surface in rotating viscoelastic fluid, Appl. Math. Mech., 34 (2013), 945–952.
Samiullah, M. , Sagheer, M. and Shahzad, H. (2026). Rotating Casson nanofluid flow with generalized heat and mass transport. Computational Methods for Differential Equations, 14(4), 1961-1977. doi: 10.22034/cmde.2025.66263.3086
MLA
Samiullah, M. , , Sagheer, M. , and Shahzad, H. . "Rotating Casson nanofluid flow with generalized heat and mass transport", Computational Methods for Differential Equations, 14, 4, 2026, 1961-1977. doi: 10.22034/cmde.2025.66263.3086
HARVARD
Samiullah, M., Sagheer, M., Shahzad, H. (2026). 'Rotating Casson nanofluid flow with generalized heat and mass transport', Computational Methods for Differential Equations, 14(4), pp. 1961-1977. doi: 10.22034/cmde.2025.66263.3086
CHICAGO
M. Samiullah , M. Sagheer and H. Shahzad, "Rotating Casson nanofluid flow with generalized heat and mass transport," Computational Methods for Differential Equations, 14 4 (2026): 1961-1977, doi: 10.22034/cmde.2025.66263.3086
VANCOUVER
Samiullah, M., Sagheer, M., Shahzad, H. Rotating Casson nanofluid flow with generalized heat and mass transport. Computational Methods for Differential Equations, 2026; 14(4): 1961-1977. doi: 10.22034/cmde.2025.66263.3086
)